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Sulpholobus acidocaldarius

Pic (1)

Domain:  Archaea
Phylum:  Crenarchaeota
Class:  Thermoprotei
Order:  Sulfolobales
Family:  Sulfolobaceae
Genus:  Sulfolobus
Species:  Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (1)

Picture
Classification:
Phylogenetic tree for the Sulfolobales. The tree is derived from the multiple nucleotide sequence alignments of the 16S rRNA genes of the representatives of selected archaea including S. tokodaii strain 7 by the neighbor-joining method (2)


Picture
Natural History:
pic (4)
Sulpholobus acidocaldarius is an aerobic thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon which grows optimally at 80C and pH 2 in terrestrial solfataric springs (1)

Habitat (1)
  • Primarily aquatic
  • Found abundantly in the sulfur-rich hot acid springs in Yellowstone National Park at temperatures between 70-80 C
  • Likely to be found in most hot springs but also found in Solfatara soils
  • It has temperature sensitive motility that allows it to move away from lethal hot spots
  • Occur in great amounts, attached to the surface of sulfur crystals


Metabolism (1)
  • Thrives under strictly aerobic conditions on complex organic substrates, including yeast extract, tryptone and Casamino acids, a wide range of amino acids and limited number of sugars (carbon sources)
  • Has 3 unique enzymes that allow it to grow on carbon sources
  • Oxidizes sulfur to sulfuric acid and contributes to the existence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

Reproduction (1)
  • Has a short mRNA half-life distribution, similar to those of fast growing bacteria, which meets the need for rapidly reprogramming gene expression upon sudden environmental changes
  • Carries a mechanism for UV damage excision repair in its genome (UV damage endonuclease)
Pathology (1)
  • Host to lysogenic viruses
  • The viruses infect Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to survive in the extremely acidic environment
Conservation Status:
  • Abundant in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park (1)
  • Also currently found in Solfatara soils (1)

Interesting Facts: (3)
  • Grown aerobically and are easy to cultivate in a laboratory scale
  • Have developed into a model system for studies of different aspects of microbial adaptation to extreme environments in metabolism, DNA translation and transcription, cell division, and many other cellular aspects
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