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Pseudomonas syringae

pic (1)

Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gamma Proteobacteria
Order: Pseudomonadales
Family: Pseudomonadacae
Genus: Pseudomonas
Species: Pseudomonas syringae
(3)

Picture
Classification:
  • This tree (7) shows the relationships between members of the genus Pseudomonas
  • Member of P. syringae because it has 16S rRNA (4)
  • Gram-negative, polar-flagellated rod-shaped bacteria (3)

Picturepic (2)
Natural History:
  • The original strain was first isolated in 1902 by Van Hall from a diseased lilac (Syringa vulgaris) (6)
  • This picture depicts the ability of the bacteria's surface proteins to induce ice crystal formation on plants at above-freezing temperatures (2)

Habitat:
  • Found in agricultural settings, precipitation(rain and snow), alpine streams/lakes, wild plants, epilithic biofilms from rivers outside of agricultural zones (5)
  • Most strains live on (phyllosphere), therefore it is an epiphytic bacterium (6)
  • Phyllosphere considered extreme environment for bacteria due to constantly changing conditions (6)
  • Thrive in cool wet conditions: rain is essential to survival and transport to new hosts (6)
  • Hot dry weather causes dramatic population decrease (6)

Metabolism:
  • Aerobic metabolism (6)
  • Chemoheterotrophic organisms that depend on host organism for nutrients (6)
  • Nutritionally versatile: thrives on damaged plant tissues and colonizes the surface of plant leaves (6)
  • Get nutrients from those that diffuse onto leaf surface (6)
  • Can also live as saprophytes (live off dead organic material) when conditions are not favorable for pathogenic existence (6)
Reproduction: 
  • Reproduces by binary fission (10)
  • The propagation pattern of these bacteria follows the water cycle; bacteria infect a plant via rainfall, then reproduce and are aerosolized into the atmosphere again (8)
Pathology: 
  • Pseudomonas syringae is a plant pathogen, able to infect a wide range of plants species and exists as over 50 different pathovars (each is specific to a particular plant) (4)
  • Produces Ina proteins that cause water to freeze at fairly high temperatures, causing injury to plants (4)
  • Disease due to the bacteria is not merely due to its presence but its overpopulation on the surface of the host (6)
  • Pathogenic strains enact disease symptoms by releasing toxins and enzymes that degrade cell walls (6)
  • Adapts to unfavorable weather conditions by forming lesions on the host (these signify pathogenic activity) (6)
  • As the bacteria flourishes in the host, it causes disease, lesions and frost damage; therefore leading to its own demise (6)
  • Many strains are pathogenic but some are not and can be used as potential inoculations against the bacteria for some plants (6)
Picture
pic (9)
Conservation Status:
  • Found in nature and in agricultural settings, not in any way endangered (5)
Interesting Facts: 
  • Has ice nucleation properties:  produces surface proteins that are necessary to ice crystal formation at sub-zero temperatures on plant surfaces (6)
        -To prevent frost damage of cash crops, scientists can isolate and eliminate this surface protein gene
        -Ski resorts exploit these surface proteins to induce the creation of artificial snow



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