Bio 113 Portfolio
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  • Prion
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    • Evolutionary History
    • Kuru
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  • Bacteria
    • Life Cycles
    • Evolutionary History
    • Pseudomonas syringae
    • Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Sources
  • Archaea
    • Life Cycles
    • Evolutionary History
    • Sulpholobus acidocaldarius
    • Sources
  • Protista
    • Life Cycles
    • Evolutionary History
    • Giardia lamblia
    • Phytophthora infestans
    • Hexacontium enthacanthum
    • Corallina officinalis
    • Discostelium discoideum
    • Sources
  • Plantae
    • Life Cycles
    • Evolutionary History
    • Dicranum polysetum
    • Adiantum aleuticum
    • Ginkgo biloba
    • Pyrus communis
    • Magnolia virginiana
    • Sources
  • Fungi
    • Life Cycles
    • Evolutionary History
    • Lentinula edodes
    • Neurospora crassa
    • Gigaspora gigantea
    • Rhizopus stolonifer
    • Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
    • Sources
  • Animalia
    • Life Cycles
    • Evolutionary History
    • Euplectella aspergillum
    • Lingula anatina
    • Priapulus caudatus
    • Mellita quinquiesperforata
    • Tachyglossus aculeatus
    • Sources

Archaea Overview

pic (1)
Archaeans inhabit some of the most extreme environments on the planet (2)
-rift vents in the deep sea at temperatures above 100C
-hot springs
-extremely acidic or alkaline waters
-extremely salty water

Classification (5):
-Main types:
  • Crenarchaeota- tolerate extremes in temperature and acidity
  • Euryarchaeota- methane-producers and salt-lovers
  • Korarchaeota and Nanoarchaeota- not much is known about these 
-Subgroups:
  • Methanogens: produce methane as a waste product of their metabolism
  • Halophiles: live in salty environments
  • Thermophiles- live at extremely hot temperatures
  • Psychrophiles- live at unusually cold temperatures
Size (2):
  • Tiny, less than one micron long
  • Can be seen with an electron microscope
PictureMethanothermus fervidus, a short bacillus form without flagella (2)
Shapes (2):
  • Coccus- spherical
       may be perfectly round or lobed and lumpy
  • Bacillus- rod-shaped
       range from short bar-shaped rods to long hair-like forms
  • Some are triangular or square

Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, an elongated bacillus form (2)
Methanosarcina barkeri, a lobed coccus form lacking flagella (2)
Methanococcus janaschii, a coccus form with numerous flagella attached to one side (2)
Cell Accessories (2):
  • flagella- the cell may have one or more flagella attached (when multiple, they are only attached at one side of the cell)
          -though may lack flagella altogether
  • protein networks- cells are able to anchor together in large groups
Cell Structure (2):
  • No internal membranes
  • DNA is a plasmid
  • In most, a cell wall surrounds the cell membrane; this cell wall is chemically distinct from that of any other organism
  • There are 4 fundamental differences between the archaeal cell membrane and those of all other cells:
  1. Chirality of glycerol
  2. Ether linkage
  3. Isoprenoid chains
  4. Branching of side chains
Nutrition (3):
Nutritional Type
  • Phototroph
  • Lithotroph
  • Organotroph
Source of Energy
  • Sunlight
  • Inorganic compounds
  • Organic compounds
Source of Carbon
  • Organic compounds
  • Organic compounds or carbon fixation
  • Organic compounds or carbon fixation
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