Plant Organs of Most Vascular Plants (11):
pic (10)

1. Root: multicellular organ that anchors a vascular plant in the soil, absorbs minerals and water and often stores carbohydrates (also: taproots, lateral roots)
2. Stem: organ consisting of an alternating system of nodes and internodes.
3. Leaf: the main photosynthetic organ

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Plant Tissue (10):

Tissue System
and Its Functions


Dermal Tissue System
• protection
• prevention of water loss


Ground Tissue System
• photosynthesis
• food storage
• regeneration 
• support
• protection

Vascular Tissue System
• transport of water and minerals
• transport of food

Component Tissues




Epidermis
Periderm (in older stems and roots)



Parenchyma tissue
Collenchyma tissue
Sclerenchyma tissue




Xylem tissue
Phloem tissue

pic (10)

pic (2)

Characteristics of the 4 Main Types of Plants:

Nonvascular:

• Thrive in mostly damp habitats (13)
• Nonvascular because they don't have tracheids; instead water and nutrients circulate inside special conducting cells (13)
• The gametophyte is the dominant form (13)
• The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte and remains permanently attached for nutrition and protection (13)
• ex) mosses, liverworts, hornworts (13)

Vascular Seedless:

• Contain vascular tissue but do not flower or seed (13)
• Reproduce and spread through haploid spores (13)
• Found in moist environments because they depend on water for sperm motility during reproduction (13)
• ex) ferns, club mosses, horsetails, whiskferns (13)

Gymnosperms:

• Seed plants that have "naked seeds":  the ovules and seeds develop on the scales of cones rather than inside an ovary (13)
• Subgroups are: Conifers, Cycads, Ginko, Gnetales (14)

Angiosperms:

• The most diverse subset of plants with over 275,000 species (18)
• Seed producing plants that have flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and production of fruits that contain seeds (14)
• Divided into monocots and dicots (15)

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