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Rhizopus stolonifer

Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Zygomycota
Class: Zygomycetes
Order: Mucorales
Family: Mucoraceae
Genus: Rhizopus
Species: Rhizopus stolonifer (1)

pic (1)

Picture
Phylogenetic tree composed by neighbor-joining different types of fungi by the location of fungal heat shock protein 70 (Hps70s) in their cells (1)


Description(1):
  • Commonly known as black bread mold
  • Filamentous mold
  • Zygomycete
  • Saprophytic: consumes dead organic matter
  • Parasitic: absorbs all nutrients of substrate on which it lands
  • Plays significant role in carbon cycle as a decomposer in the soil
  • Grows primarily as mycelia that consists of hyphae that lack cross walls/ septa
  • This means it is a coenocytic organism: multinucleate cell enclosed by one cell wall that contains chitin



Habitat(1):

  • Spores are common and abundant in the air
  • Able to quickly form on any surface where it can obtain food
  • Commonly found in moist environments
  • Also found in warm and dry environments like: soil, fresh decaying litter, wild bird nests, and children's sand boxes

PictureRhizopus stolonifer growing on a casserole (1)
Nutrition(1):
  • When comes in contact with a substrate, first spreads over surface and penetrates it while sending hyphae inward to absorb nutrients
  • Dependent on sugar and starch, often found in bread and soft fruits

PictureZygospore (1)
Reproduction(1):
  • Sexual and asexual reproduction
  • Asexual is more frequent
  • Whether one mode of reproduction is chosen over the other is dictated by environmental conditions
  • Spores are usually dispersed in hot dry weather





Picture
Zygomycete life cycle (2)
Conservation Status(1):
  • Spores are very common in the air, can grow anywhere that supports its growth (moist environment with sugar or starch)

Interesting Facts(1):
  • Produces steroids such as Progesterone that make it able to be used in common birth control pills
  • Most common and fastest growing of the Zygomycota
  • The spores are usually dispersed in hot dry weather and contain allergic proteins, may cause respiratory and nasal symptoms in humans (coughing, chest discomfort and allergic reactions)

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